Before Obamacare, the National Health Insurance Plan

Before Obamacare, the National Health Insurance Plan Introduction In 2009, President Barack Obama unveiled his proposal for a plan intended to reduce the soaring costs of healthcare by providing all Americans with health insurance. The plan, titled Healthcare America at the time, would eventually be passed by Congress as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. The following article, published in 2009, outlines President Obama’s original vision for what we now know as â€Å"Obamacare.† Key Takeaways: Original Obamacare What became â€Å"Obamacare† was called Healthcare America when first proposed by President Barack Obama in January 2009.The plan was intended to lower the nation’s healthcare costs by providing all Americans with health insurance.Under Healthcare America, all U.S. residents not covered by Medicare or an employer-provided plan would be allowed to buy insurance at lower rates through a government-run Health Care for America program.All U.S. employers would be required to provide their employees with insurance coverage or pay an additional tax to help pay for Healthcare America.Maximum monthly health insurance premiums paid under Health Care for America were to range from $70 for an individual to $140 for a couple.Healthcare America was greatly modified and eventually enacted as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on March 23, 2010 Obamacare as Envisioned in 2009 A national health insurance plan, administered by the federal government as an alternative to private health insurance, will probably be proposed this year by President Obama. Despite the massive cost of a universal health insurance plan, estimated at up to $2 trillion over 10 years, support for the plan is growing in Congress. Obama, and Democratic congressional leaders argue that by reducing health care costs, a universal health insurance plan would actually help reduce the national deficit. Opponents argue that the savings, though real, would have only a minor impact on the deficit. While the politics and pros and cons of nationalized health care have been debated for years, the national health insurance element of President Obama’s overall health care reform agenda appears to have a good chance of happening. So far, the framework of Obama’s national health insurance plan is best described in Jacob Hacker’s â€Å"Health Care for America† plan. The Goal: Health Insurance for Everyone As described by Jacob Hacker of the Economic Policy Institute, the national health insurance plan – â€Å"Health Care for America† – attempts to provide affordable health insurance to all non-elderly Americans through a combination of a new Medicare-like program provided by the government and existing employer-provided health plans. Under Health Care for America, every legal resident of the U.S. who is not covered by either Medicare or an employer-provided plan could purchase coverage through Health Care for America. As it currently does for Medicare, the federal government would bargain for lower prices and upgraded care for every Health Care for America enrollee. All Health Care for America enrollees could choose coverage under the affordable Medicare-like plan offering them free choice of medical providers or a selection of more expensive, comprehensive private health insurance plans. To help pay for the plan, all U.S. employers would be expected to either provide health coverage for their employees equal in quality to Health Care for America or pay a modest payroll-based tax to support Health Care for America and help their employees buy their own coverage. The process would be similar to how employers currently pay an unemployment tax to help fund state unemployment compensation programs. Self-employed persons could buy coverage under Health Care for America by paying the same payroll-based tax as employers. Persons not in the workplace could buy coverage by paying premiums based on their annual income. In addition, the federal government would offer the states incentives to enroll any remaining uninsured individuals in Health Care for America. Non-elderly beneficiaries of Medicare and S-CHIP (the State Childrens Health Insurance Program) would be automatically enrolled in the Health Care for America Plan, either through their employers or individually. In summary, supporters of the Health Care for America plan say it would provide the U.S. with universal health care coverage by: being available to any legal U.S. resident without good workplace coverage;requiring that employers (and the self-employed) either purchase coverage comparable to Health Care for America for all their workers or pay a relatively modest payroll contribution (6% of payroll) to fund Health Care for America coverage for all their employees; andrequiring that Americans who remain without insurance either purchase private coverage or buy into the Health Care for America Plan. For persons already covered by employer-provided health insurance, Health Care for America would virtually eliminate the suddenly very real threat of losing coverage because of layoffs. What Would the Plan Cover? According to its supporters, Health Care for America will provide comprehensive coverage. Along with all current Medicare benefits, the plan will cover mental health and maternal and child health. Unlike Medicare, Health Care for America will place limits on total annual out-of-pocket costs paid by enrollees. Drug coverage would be provided directly by Health Care for America, rather than by private health plans. Medicare would be modified to allow it to provide the elderly and disabled with the same direct drug coverage. In addition, preventive and well-child checkups would be provided to all beneficiaries at no out-of-pocket cost. How Much Will Coverage Cost? As proposed, the maximum monthly Health Care for America premium would be $70 for an individual, $140 for a couple, $130 for a single-parent family, and $200 for all other families. For those enrolled in the plan at their place of work, anyone whose income was below 200% of the poverty level (about $10,000 for an individual and $20,000 for a family of four ) would pay no additional premiums. The plan would also offer extensive, but so far unspecified, assistance to enrollees to help them afford coverage. Health Care for America coverage would be continuous and guaranteed. Once enrolled, individuals or families would remain covered unless they become covered by a qualified private insurance plan through their employer.

The 5 Easiest AP Exams to Self-Study

The 5 Easiest AP Exams to Self-Study SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Once you’ve decided to self-study for an AP, you’ll need to choose an exam that’s right for you. With dozens of potential choices, it might seem overwhelming. I can demystify the choice for you. First, I’ll give you four important things to consider when you make your choice. Then, I’ll list the five easiest APs toself-study. After that, I’ll touch on some other solid self-study choices, and wrap up with a few AP exams you should NOT try to study for on your own. How to Choose WhichAP Exam to Self-Study There are four things to consider when selecting whichAP exam you want to prepare for on your own. Consideration 1: What's the Course Workload? The less material covered by the course, the less you will need to study to ace the exam. It makes sense to choose an AP that is narrower in scope instead of a behemoth. Let’s say you want to self-study a science AP; all things being equal, it’s going to be better for you to choose a comparatively content-light course like AP Environmental Science than a content-heavy class like AP Chemistry. (Also, don’t self-study AP Chemistry. More on this later.) If you aren’t sure how much work is involved in learning all the material for a given AP, ask friends, ask the internet, ask teachers...you get the idea. You can also look on the College Board’s individual AP course pages. On each â€Å"Course Overview† page, you’ll find a link to a document that describes the general scope of the course as well as the format of the exam. Consideration 2: How Conceptual Is The Material? Does the exam involve applying a lot of abstract and theoretical concepts, or is it primarily based on memorization? Memorization can be kind of tedious, but it’s often easier to learn this kind of material on your own than to teach yourself to understand, say, particle physics. So try to look for APs that are not overly conceptual. This is why I generally don’t advise people to self-study for math APs, with the possible exception of statistics. Generally, a course weighted more towards memorization as opposed to complex concepts is probably better for self-study. Weighing the options. Consideration 3: How Full Is Your Schedule? You probably already thought aboutyour course schedule when you first considered self-studying for an AP exam to make sure you would have enough time for the extra work. This is all well and good, but you shouldalso consider your schedule whenchoosing the actual exam to self-study. There are a few AP exams that might overlap with your high school coursework even if you aren’t in that specific AP class. You might consider self-studying one of these: One notable example of this is biology. If you are in an honors biology class, you might consider self-studying for AP biology because you will onlyneed to supplement what you are learning in class with any additional competencies necessary for the AP exam. (See the College Board’s helpfulcourse and exam description for AP Biology.) Another common course to take the AP for when you are taking the honors class is US History. Again, you’ll need to learn additional information, but you’ll be learning a lot of the material anyways in your non-AP US History class. You’ll just need to learn some extra information and do some dedicated exam prep. (This is what I did, and I got a 5 on APUSH without a crazy amount of outside studying.) If you are a particularly strong student in English, you might also consider self-study in one or both of the English APs while you are in an honors English class (I did this with AP Language and Composition). This could be a little trickier because it’s very important to be able to get feedback from a knowledgeable person about any practice essays you are writing, but if you have a supportive teacher or mentor, it can definitely work. Consideration 4: What Are Your Strengths? If you are going to self-study for an exam, it makes the most sense to choose a subject you are good at and enjoy. If you rock at social studies, choose a social studies AP. If science is your jam, choose a science AP (but not AP Chemistry or AP Physics! Don’t do it.) And so on.It will help you stay motivated if you actually like the subject. Don’t try to self-study an exam in a subject you hate, even if the exam has a reputation for being an easy self-study choice. If you already have a special skill tested by an AP examforeign languages and computer science come to mindit might make sense to self-study for that AP. You will need to make sure you fill any gaps in your knowledge and are prepared for the exam format, but it’s a good way to make the most of your own personal resources and skills. With these four factors in mind, we can move on to my recommendations for the best five AP exams for relatively painless self-study. The best self-study choice will be almost as easy as pie! But less delicious. 5 Best AP Exams To Self-Study Let's go through a few of the easiest APs to self-study. AP Environmental Science AP Environmental Science is a hugely popular self-study option, and with good reason. The test is considered to be fairly easy, and the coursework assumes no prior knowledge in any environmental sciences, so the material is not particularly advanced. There is some course material about experimental design, some basic statistics for reading charts and tables, and some historical/environmental trend information. Many questions on the test focus on cause-effect relationships. This is going to be a solid choice for anyone who is good at science or history and needs something relatively quick and easy. AP Human Geography This is another popular self-study exam with a reputation for fairly easy material that’s limited in scope. The test is on the short side, clocking in at only 2 hours and 15 minutes with 75 multiple choice questions and 3 â€Å"constructed responses.† Human Geo is essentially a soft-sciences course about how societies develop; think anthropology. To be successful, you’ll need to do some memorization of facts/dates/etc., perform some analysis/synthesis of how cultures came to be and how they might develop, and learn some specialized vocab. AP Psychology This test is a self-study home run.If you want to self-study AP Psychology, you’ll need to learn some psychological concepts and memorize details about some notable scientists in the field as well assome seminal experiments. You’ll also need to learn some discipline-specific vocab. The test is short, tooonly 2 hourswith 100 multiple-choice and two free-response questions. Free-response questions are known for being fairly straightforward. AP US Government and Politics and AP Comparative Government and Politics Both the politics exams are decent self-study APs. You probably already have some background knowledge in US Government and Politics from years of US History coursework, plus the exam is fairly narrow in scope. Comparative Government is a little harder to self-study for just because there’s likely to be more material you aren’t familiar with, but it’s still pretty manageable. The rare self-studying jellyfish, exploring the ocean on her own. Other Good AP Exams to Self-Study Some exams aren’t quite universal self-study slam dunks, but if you have a proclivity for a certain subject, a particular interest, or some prior knowledge, they canstill be good choices for you. This is particularly true if, for whatever reason, the thought of self-studying Psychology, Environmental Science, Human Geography, or Government and Politics is tedious and repugnant to you. AP Economics Exams: AP Macroeconomics and AP Microeconomics Macroeconomics deals with overall economics systems while Microeconomics examines the economy from the perspective of smaller actors within the system. You will need to learn concepts for this course, and there is some basic math, but they are often seen as good self-study options because each exam has a fairly limited scope, and there is some overlap in material. Especially if you took the class for one, you might consider self-studying for the other. Additionally, self-study students found it fairly easy to prepare for the FRQs by looking at old tests. AP Biology The general consensus is that taking onAP Biology self-study with no previous bio coursework is not a good idea, but that if you have taken or are taking honors biology, it can be a solid choice. There’s definitely a lot of content to cover and a lot to memorize, but if it’s a subject you are very gifted in/are very interested in, it could be worth it. AP US History Self-studying for APUSH is considered easier than self-studying for most of the other history APs because most American students will already have some background knowledge in US history. The scope of information is also narrower than AP European or AP World History, so there’s less to learn! It’s going to be more content-heavy than something like AP Environmental Science, but definitely doable. AP English Language and Composition and AP English Literature and Composition If you have a particular proclivity for English, one (or even both) of the English APs could be a good self-study choice for you. The most important skill you will need to work on is timed analytical essay writing, so your self-study way will be much smoother if you have a teacher or other knowledgeable person willing to look over your practice essays. You don't have to self-study in an empty stadium...unless you want to. Do Not Try To Self-Study These AP Exams There are three AP subject areas in particular that are not very well-suited to self-study. These are the APs that are the both very conceptual AND content-heavy in nature. In these cases, having an instructor and a structured class tends to be very important for learning and understanding. I strongly advise you not to self-study for any of the following exams: AP Calculus AB andBC Calculus is hard to learn. This is because it introduces concepts that are very different fromany math class that comes before it; in a lot of ways it involves a massive recalibration of your brain’s understanding of math. It is likely that, in the course of learning calculus concepts, you will get very confused, and this is why it is essential to have a good teacher. In the immortal words of the Legend of Zelda:it’s dangerous to go alone. You will be very frustrated if you try to self-study AP Calculus. AP Chemistry The AP Chemistry class is known for having a high workload, and it'sanother course where the guidance of a good teacher is very important. In addition to there being a lot of content to learn, you will need to understandlots of concepts and problem-solving methods to do well on the exam. Having a class to keep you on track and a teacher to explain material you don’t understand is going to be essential for most people to succeed on the exam. AP Physics AP Physics is a double-whammy, with a lot of math and science concepts to learn. The exams (there are four!) themselves are known for being particularly difficult, even for those who do well in a structured course. Self-studying for this exam is not an efficient use of your time.Even if you were able to do well, you would most likely need to self-study for many more hours than you would in a guided course to achieve the same level of mastery. It's dangerous to go alone! Here, take this. And an AP class. Look, I don’t want to tell you what you can and can’t do. Maybe you’re the next Isaac Newton, and you’ve been learning derivatives since you were a wee child; maybe Richard Feynman was your grandpa, and he taught you physics in the cradle. In that case, self-study for one of these APs if you feel you must. For most people, however; even very smart people, the entire experience of learning these subjects will be much more pleasant and effective, not to mention more efficient time-wise, if you learn it in a classroom and not by yourself. Also, the intensity of these classes makes them a bonding experience! The people in my Calculus BC crew became some of my favorite high school classmates. Key Takeaways What makes an AP exam easy to self-study will vary somewhat from person to person, but, in general, AP exams with a narrower scope, without too many complex concepts, and insubject areas where you have special interests or talents will be the best choices for self-study. The five easiest exams for self-study, in general, are AP Environmental Science, AP Human Geography, AP Psychology, AP US Government and Politics, and AP Comparative Government and Politics. A number of other exams may also be good choices depending on your situation. However, you should NOT try to self-study for AP Calculus AB or BC, AP Chemistry, or any of the AP Physics exams! If you keep these tips in mind, you will be able to choose the right AP exam to self-study for with ease! What's Next? When you're ready to start self-studying, see my article on how to self-study for an AP exam. If you'd really like to take an accredited AP course, but you can't make it workwith your schedule, or your school doesn't offer it, consider AP online courses- we can guide you in the right direction, towards the best and worst online AP classes. Taking the ACT or SAT? Let us revealthe secret to getting a perfect score. Did you know the SAT haschanged? Check out our complete guide to the new SAT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Management Planning Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Planning - Research Paper Example Selected Organization The organization whose planning function we are going to evaluate is Halliburton. Halliburton is a provider of different products and services to the energy sector of different countries. Some of the main activities of this company include managing geological data, locating hydrocarbons, construction of the wells, drilling, and managing lifecycle of the reservoirs. Planning For the managers at Halliburton, planning holds great importance in all processes of management. At Halliburton, planning means to recognize organizational goals and to develop proper strategies to meet those goals. Planning not only includes setting goals for the future but also includes development of tactics and strategies to meet those goals. Managers at Halliburton firmly believe that they cannot achieve desired goals without planning. For proper planning, managers consider many factors, such as, availability of resources, assessment of organizational environment, future trends of the oil and gas industry, assessment of industrial demands, and proper use of capital. At Halliburton, there are many kinds of planning which managers do for the success of the organization. Some of those types of planning include marketing planning, construction planning, production planning, event planning, and project planning. Marketing planning means to develop suitable strategies for the marketing of the company’s products and services.... For construction planning, managers consider different aspects of a project to develop a plan for that project. Some of the major aspects, which managers consider, include site of the project, needs of the client firm, geological survey, and feasibility of the project. Production managers also do proper planning to enhance production services, such as, pipeline process services, well intervention services, and oil and gas production services. For project planning, managers consider nature of the project, availability of the resources required to complete the project, due date of the project, and effective use of human resource and technology to meet the targets. Tatum (2011) states, â€Å"Like any type of business planning, project planning is about gaining the most benefit while making the wisest use of available resources†. Influence of Legal Issues, Ethics, and CSR on Planning There are many factors, which put a deep impact on the planning function of an organization. In ca se of Halliburton, some of the main factors, which influence the planning function of Halliburton, include legal issues, ethics, and corporate social responsibility. Let us discuss the impact of each of these three factors on the planning function of management at Halliburton. Legal Issues Legal issues are those issues, which revolve around a business’s policies, planning, and structure. â€Å"Business managers and owners must at all times be prepared to spend some time around legal issues that may arise† (Beck, 2011). Analyzing legal issues related to different business processes and policies is very critical for a company’s success. Managers at Halliburton focus towards all sorts of legal issues while doing any kind of business planning in order to ensure effective planning

My views about Human Resource Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My views about Human Resource Development - Essay Example Competency development and employee retention have become the key areas of concern for HR professionals. They serve as mentors, coaches, succession planners and counselors in order to inculcate motivation in organizational personnel to display best performance. As the organizational challenges have increased, the time has arrived for the HR professionals to be acquainted with complete understanding of the organization in the broader spectrum. The HR must have representation in the organizational decision making as well as policy making. It is the responsibility of an HR professional to make due effort for promotion of ethics and morality in the organizational culture. In the present age, organizational personnel are becoming more and more diverse in terms of race, gender, age and ethnicity. Most importantly, the HR professionals should play an important role in managing diversity in the workplace. This involves resolving interpersonal conflicts and allocating right responsibilities t o the right individual at the right time. Multiculturalism is an essential feature of organizations in the present age. An organization has to have diversity of talent in order to come up with innovative ideas that are the biggest need of the hour.

Essay --

From the 1920’s up until his death Joseph Stalin was the leader of Russia. What ensued under Stalin’s reign didn’t evoke emotions of love for country within the Russian people. Under Stalin the people lived in constant fear because of an epidemic within their own country, genocide of Stalin’s own people by Stalin himself. From 1934 up until 1939 a period of mass fear swept over Russia and at the helm Stalin with his (helpers?) of mass killings, the NKVD which are the internal police. Russia has always had a form ‘state security service’ commonly thought of now as â€Å"the secret police†, but in 1929 under the direction of Stalin the NKVD was formed and though it may have a new name it still held the infamous fear and practices of its predecessors, the GPU, The GUGB, and others. Russian author Mikhail Bulgakov was alive during this period of fear, and one of the books he wrote titled The Master and Margarita shares a lot more than one s imilarity with Stalin and his regime of fear. In fact it seems like the author created this book as a commentary of the times because of the way he writes ...

Looking for Alibrandi Essay

A world-wide hit in the late 1990s, Author Melina Marchetta wrote a manuscript about a teenage girl searching for herself and the way she is to live. Her name is Josephine Alibrandi who is a 17 year old Italian Australian or ‘wog’ as some know it, in the novel and film of ‘Looking for Alibrandi’. Much of the discussion of Alibrandi has centred around this portrayal of the multi-cultural society of Australia, although remarkably, the novel has managed to largely avoid the negative and superficial â€Å"issues† pigeon-holing so much realist fiction for young adults is victim to. There is no question that Marchetta’s own experiences as an Italian-Australian have informed her story. Nor is there any doubt that in Josephine Alibrandi she has created a fresh non-Anglo-Australian voice of great power and integrity. Nevertheless, Marchetta does find that the focus on the Italian heritage of her protagonist (and herself) can be both distracting and limiting; it was not, she says, her first impulse in telling Josephine Alibrandi’s story; Another legacy of the shared Italian-Australian heritage of both author and protagonist is the common assumption that the book must be autobiographical. The reading of her novel is in some ways complimentary, being as it is an indication of the kind of response readers have to Josephine, and to the lively and truthful tone of the novel; Marchetta has captured her characters, their situation and the inner city suburbs of Sydney acutely and precisely. The ambivalence Marchetta feels towards Josephine is revealed through the characters of Sister Louise, her headmistress, and her boyfriend Jacob, neither of whom hesitate to point out to Josephine when she is being selfish, over-dramatic, or plain stupid. A quite shocking example of this is in the scene where Jacob rescues Josephine from a violent mob of teenage boys in a McDonalds car park, and then abuses her for her stupidity in spitting on and further antagonising the ring-leader. It is an indication of the exasperation that Josephine provokes in those who care about her, and Marchetta agrees with Jacob that Josephine’s dramatic and impulsive behaviour too frequently land her in avoidable unpleasantness. To be fair, Josephine can be fairly hard on herself, and her ability at and willingness for self-scrutiny develops as she matures. It is testament to Marchetta’s care in balancing the complexities of Josephine’s character that the reader can witness her tantrums and drama-queen turns, her often thoughtless and selfish actions, and yet know that this is an essential part of her emancipation, and that it does not detract from her vitality, compassion and intelligence. Young Australian readers will find the setting of the novel very realistic and familiar. They will identify with the portrayal of Australian high school life, attending a debating meeting, the description of suburban Sydney and catching the ferry to Circular Quay, the fact of being part of a dysfunctional family ? all these details of the setting are realistic and will be instantly recognisable. Many teenagers of foreign parentage will relate to Josie’s rebellion against her Italian side and to all the references to the Italian culture.

The Legalization Of Drugs A Controversial Issue

The legalization of drugs has been and still is a controversial issue that is quite difficult to settle. Drugs can be harmful but very resourceful. It is used to relieve minor or major pains but could also send thousands to emergency rooms. Throughout this paper, you will learn about the brief history of the prohibition of drugs and how it led to the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution. The factors that the prohibition brought will also be discussed in this paper and how the damages of prohibition led to the passing of the 21st Amendment, bringing back prohibited substances. In addition, reasons to why legalization of drugs should be considered like how it could reduce crime and mass incarceration of minorities in the justice system, as well as their importance in the medical field, will be stated in this paper also. History of Drug Use Drugs have been abused for various reasons and have been a rolling factor in every corner of the globe. Alcoholism as well as marijuana and a couple of other illicit drugs have plagued America throughout history. Opium, a narcotic drug which is also known as the â€Å"plant of joy† was used 4,000 years ago; sales of cocaine and heroin solutions to the British royal family were recorded from around 1900 – 1920, and records from the year of 1912 indicate that a cocaine solution was sold to Winston Churchill (Siegel, 2010, p. 366). â€Å"Prior to the 1800 s†¦ most societies used drugs for medicinal or religious purposes†Show MoreRelatedAn Analysis of President Obama’s Remarks about Marijuana Essay624 Words   |  3 Pagesmade some controversial remarks about legalizing marijuana. President Obama stated that he did not think that marijuana was â€Å"more dangerous than alcohol† (Remnick). This comment has caused proponents of legalizing marijuana to praise the President, while opponents are criticizing him for seemingly supporting this banned substance. 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